Ukuvuselela Ekwenzeni Izixhobo Zokuphakama Kwesililo

Isimo sezokwelapha kwezixhobo zokuphakanyiswa kwemipumapuma yezokuphakama kuthuthukile kakhulu ngeminyaka engu-10, ihlangabezana nokuthuthukisa kwezibonelo kanye neemandulo ephucukelayo yokuphakama. Manje imithombo yokwenza ixhobo iyayisebenzisa ubume bomkhuba, ubomi bokwenzakalo obuhle kanye nezindlela ezintsha zokudala ukuze zenze izixhobo ezamelela ukuphakama. Lolu hlanjululo luzalisezala ukundikana kwesiqu sokwenza izixhobo ukuthi kube lula ukusebenzisa, kube mikhulu kanye nokuqinisekisa ubomi bempilo. Ukudibanisa izibonelo zezenzo kanye nezibonelo zokudala izixhobo zokuphakama ziyavuselela indlela ethethwa ngayo ngokuphakanyiswa kwemipumapuma.

Izinto Ezihle Kunezobuchwepheshe Kuye Kuzo Nezindlela Zokudala

Imisebenzi Yezinto Ezinezobuchwepheshe Eziphathekayo

Ubungako bukaqondana nokwenza izixhobo zokuchazamchazam zomdlalo wezono zasekhaya kumandla ukukhetha imibiza, ngembaqondi enkulu yezinto eziphakeme inyaniso ethunyelwe kumdlalo. Istelesi esiphakeme sezobuchwepheshe, ikakhulu i-316L ne-17-4 PH, inika ukuphephela kakhulu kwesithuthi, ukubaluleka kakhulu kwezono, nokulinganisa okufunekayo kumdlalo ongcono. Le mibiza ichazwa ngokucophelela ukuqinisekisa ukuba iyafumanisa imikho yokwenza izixhobo zomdlalo futhi ingasivikwa ngokuphindaphindiwa kwamandla ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa. Imicimbi yesifungo nempilo yentando enziwa kumdlalo wezono zasekhaya kuyaqinisekisa ukulinganisa okuphelele, ukudurable, nokulinganisa kweyephuzu.

Izikhala zokwakha ezingcwele kumathuba wezempilo enza umsebenzi ngemithetho emihle yokuximana okuphathelene nokukhula kwamathambo ukufinyelela imiphumo engqondweni yomlando ngalunye. Izindlela zokwenza ngegumbi zilinda iqondo lesteel, ekubangeni kutholekele kakhulu nokukhathazeka. Ukulungisa kweyophansi njengepassivation ne-electropolishing kuyenhleza ukukhathazeka kwayo ngelika izihlangothi ezizimeleyo, ezinokuhlwa ngokukhawuleza okudingekayo ekulungiseni ukunjwa kumathuba aphathekayo.

Ukudibanisa kweTitanium nezilinganiso ezininzi

Ukwenza kwezinsimbi zomdlalo zezokwezothekwano kamanje kuthuthukisa ngokuthi kusetshenzisa izithandwa ze-titanium kumasebenziso amafanekisa apho ukunciphisa ubunzima nobunzima obukhona kubalulekile. Umbono wokuqina kuka-titanium okungcono kuyindima yobunzima kuyindima ebalulekile kumazinsimbi amadala afanele ukulawulo okucophele kumzamo omuhle. Izindlela zokwenza izinsimbi ze-titanium zidinga izixhobo nezinkundla ezifanelekile, ngoba amathuba amafanekisa ka-lo mthwalo adinga ukulawula ngcono izigaba zokwenza nezimo zezinkazimulo.

Izindlela ezide eziphathelene ne-powder metallurgy zivumela ukuthi kwenziwe izixhumanisi ze-titanium ngezinhlelo ezingcono okungakwenzeka ngokwenziwa ngendlela eyisisekelo. Le zindlela zivumela ukukhiqizwa kwezixhumanisi ngezinkawu, izinxenye ezingaphansi kwezilingo, ne-ergonomics enhle. Ukudibanisa i-titanium ekukhiqizeni izixhumanisi zomsebenzi we-orthopedic kuyindlela enkulu yokuthuthuka kwitechnology yezixhumanisi zomsebenzi, kuvumela abasebenzi bokuphefumula ukulawula kahle futhi kube khethile ukugcina kweganda emva kokusebenza ngemini yonke.

Ukusebenza Ngokuphumula kunye nokuziphindezela Ukusuka

Ukudizaina nokukhiqiza Ngasesikoleni

Ukwenza kwezinhlelo zomdlalo wezokwehla kusebenzisa kakhulu izinhlelo ze-computer-aided design nezokwenza ukuze kufakwe phakade okudingekayo kumsebenzi wokudla. I-CAD software ikhomba abakhokhelwa ukudala amamodeli amathathu-nesilinganiso esididi okufakwa ngaphambi kokudala ngempindulo. Lokhu kusiza ekuthuthukisweni kwezivivinyo nezihlengalengo ngaphandle kokudala, kunciphisa ixesha nokugcina kwezimali futhi kugcina ukuthuthukisa kwezinhlelo. Ukuthunywa okuhle kwebhloko nezokwenza kugcina ukuthi ngalinye ilinganiso libe ngcono ngokwezidingo.

Amakhanda okwenza kahle esetyenziswa izixhobo ze-CNC zinokufakela amathuba ngaphakathi kwemitha yemikro, enkululeko ekudingekayo kumshicilelo wokwenza iziphumo ezidinga ukucopheleka. Iinkampani zokuphatha iindlela ezininzi zivumela ukunyuswa kweendidi ezinxaleneyo kwiiseti eziqhelekileyo, ekuchazela imiphiko efanelekileyo kwaye ibeke ubunzima bephumelela. Ukusebenzisa iitheki ezisephuthelwe nezibalo ezihlaziyiweyo zokuphatha kuxhomekeke kubunzima obuphathekayo kuzo zonke iintsalela xa kususwa inkunkuma yesampula kunye nesikhathi sokwenza.

Ukulula Amalungisi nokuthi Izimo Zokuhlola

Imithetho engcono yokulawula ubomi incazelo kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwemikhumbi yezibalo zokuphatha izifo ze-orthopedic, ekufakeleni konke okuqhubeka kuze kube yisikhathi sokugcina esivalela ukulungiswa kwezinto ezizayo. Izinto eziphumelelayo zihlola ngokugcwele ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kutholakala umumo wokuchazwa, amathuba wokumelana nokxhegu lwesayizi bese zingena endaweni yokwakha. Ukuhlolwa kwezinye izikhathi kubukeka ubude bezilinganiso nezixhobo zangaphandle njengoba kuyakhiwa, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ngalunye ulwazi luhlanganise izici ezidingekayo.

Imithetho yokuhlola ekugcineni kwezimali zokwenza izixhobo zomsebenzi wasekhaya kuxhomekeke kuvikeleko kwezihluko, ukulinganisa isimo sesandla, nokuhlola umsebenzi ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle. Izinkundla eziphucaka zokulingana, kubandakanywa izixhobo zokulingana ngemini yekooridine nezinkcazelo zokulinganisa ngobuchwepheshe, zinikeza ukulinganisa okucophele kwezinto ezibalulekileyo. Izinkundla zokulandeleka kuzotheka amabhuku onke wezindleko, imisebenzi, nokuhlola kwisixhobo sonke, kuvumela impendulo eshiyekayo kuzinkinga zonke zebhalekile futhi zixhashe imithetho yokulawula.

Isakhiwo Sehhandlulwano Nenxalenye Yomphindo Womdlali

Ingeni Yezinto Zabantu

Ukwenza kwezithuthi zokujika izono ezigcweleyo ekamuva kuziphatha ngokuzimisela ezinhlelo zokulungiswa okuphathelene nokunakekela ukugcina kwesidima nokuqonda kakhulu kwezinyathelo. Izifundo ze-injiniyeli yezinselelo zihlinzekisa ukuthuthuka kwezixwayiso, izinxenye zezinhlalo, nezilinganiso zovimba okuphathelene nokulunga kakhulu ngemva yokujika. Ukuhlanganiswa kwebhabhane yesidima kuwo wonke umthetho wokudala kusidla ukuthi izithuthi zizimele izidingo zomsebenzi wabo wokugcina futhi bazamele ubuncike obudingayo bokuphumelela.

Izimo ezivuthiweyo zokugcina efunyanwa kumakhemikhali wezixhobo zokuphakanyiswa kwesono kufaka imigqa enguqu-ququ, izindlela zomgquba, nokwahlukaniswa kwegama eliqinileyo ukuze kube lula ukubophelela kwaye kube ngcono ukukhupha. Le ngxoxo yezinto ibalulekile kakhulu emshwaleni inzululwane yokuphatha okuqhelekileyo noma xa kusebenziwa emaphandleni aphikisayo. Uhlengahlenga oluchasene nezixhobo eziphathwayo ngokuthi kusoloko kuhlelwa ngokulinganisa nemiyalelo yekliniki kubonisa ukuthintela kwegunya ekuthinteleni ukuphakanyiswa kwegunya ngendlela eqhubekayo yokudizayina izixhobo.

Ukumelana Nokusetshenziswa Okuhlelekile

Ukuthuthuka kwezimali zokwenza izixhobo zomsebenzi wokulungisa ubuchwepheshe kube yindlela yokwandisa ukucwalisa ukuze kuthuthuke imithetho esiphethwayo futhi abasebenzi basebenzisane ngazo. Izinhlobo zezixhobo ezingumodi zivumela ukuthi izikhangeli zishintshane, kuqondisa okudingekayo kusilimu ngelinye ilapho libonakala ngcono kakhulu kuzindlela ezahlukene zomsebenzi. Amathuba okwenza izixhobo ngokucacileyo avumela ukwakhiwa kwizixhobo ezithunyelwe endleleni yokusebenzisa noma ukuguquka kwesikhumba, ekusizeni izisolutions zesingeniso somsebenzi.

Izimo zokudala ngokushesha kwenziwa kwizixhobo zokujika kwindalo yezixhobo zokujikwa, zenza ukuba kube lula ukulungiselela nokuchazela izixhobo ezintsha. Izixhobo ze-3D kunye nezimo zokwakha okongeziwe zivumela ukukhokelelwa kwezixhobo ezenzekelayo ezingavakalisiwa ngabasejiki ngaphambi kokuthi kuzolungiswa ngokupheleleyo. Lo ndlela yokuqhubeka kakhulu iyaphila ukuba izixhobo ezintsha ziphumelela emva kokufumana iindlela ezilungileyo kwaye zibandakanya iinkqubo zakugcina nokwakha.

Ukucophelela Kwezimvo Kunye Nezimali Zasekhaya

Ingcungu Yezixhobo Zokugcina

Ukwenza kwezixhobo zolungiselelo lwesifo sezintlobo sebanga kusebenza ngaphakathi kwegunya eliqinileyo, nokulandela imikhuba yasendleleni kubaluleke kakhulu ekufuneni indlela yomkhakha nokholo komthwalo. Inkampani ye-ISO 13485 yenzela inkqubo yokuphatha ubukhona bezixhobo zomedical ezenza ukuba ziphume njengoko kucetyiswa yiimeko zomthwalo nasekuthwebeni. Le mikhuba iyayiqinisa into ehlukileyo yokwenza izixhobo zomedical, kuxhomekeke kwimfanelo yokuphatha ingxaki, imfanelo yokudalela, nezinyathelo ezifunyanwa emva kokuthengisa.

Amathuluzi akwezimali kwiStati Shunited nezimali zeCE kuropa kuthola kuthola izici ezithile zokwakha kwezixhobo zokuchiza, kufakela konke kusukela kwiindawo zokwahlola ukuya kwiindawo zokwakha. Le zimali zidinga ukuchazela ngokupheleleyo iindlela zokwahlola, ukuthuthuka kwezimali zokwakha, nokuphatha kakhulu kwezixhobo ngokusebenzisa kwezokuchiza. Ukuthobeka kwezi zimali zinika inyaniso yokuba iisixhobo ziyafumaneka ngamathulwini ahambene ngamandla nezimali ezidingekayo kumsebenzi wokuchiza.

Amathulwini Amanyeziyo Amanyeziyo

Ubume bomphakathi bekwenziwa kwezixhumanisi zokulungisa izifo ze-orthopedic kudinga ukulungiselela kwiindlela ezininzi eziphumelelayo nezibophelele. ISO 14155 inikeza imiyalelo yekholoni yokucinga izinto zemedical, ngelixa ISO 10993 ichaza izidingo zocingo lomnotho. Le miyalelo ihlinze ukuthi izixhumanisi ziphazamiseke ngokufaneleyo ekulinganiseni umsebenzi wobomi, ukuthembeka kokucindezelwa nokusebenza kwesithwalandwe ngaphambi kokunyuswa kwemercantile.

Imithetho yesisipho esiqhubekayo esingaphakathi kwemfundo yokuphatha ububiyo iyenzela ukuqhubeka kwezibonakaliso ezintsha ku ukwenza izixhobo zolungiselelo lwesililo . Imbonakalo engcono yokuphatha, ukulunga kwegazi, nezibonakaliso zokulungiswa kuziphazamiseka uhlelo lwempilo lokwenziwa uyasebenza ngokuchanekileyo nezinye iindlela ezilungileyo. Lokhu kubhekene nobubi bempilo kunceda ukuletha izixhumanisi ezingenako ukudluliswa kakhulu kwezidingo ezihlukileyo zezixhumanisi zokulungisa izifo ze-orthopedic.

Amaphrofethi Amadlule neEngqumo Yezindlela

Izixhobo Zokuxhumanisa Ezinezimo

Indlela emlandweni kwezimali zokwenza izixhobo zomsebenzi wase-orthopedic ziyophakama ngokuthuthukisa ukuthi kuthunyelwe imithombo yokugcina okuphakanyayo nokuphila kwephatiento. Izixhobo ezinezinhlelo ezingumgangatho zinokunika inkinobho yesikhathi esifanayo ngamandla akhethekileyo, ukuqeqesha, nokuxhasana ngezinto ngexesha leminekelo. Ezi zinzuzo ezide nobomi zibonisa ubuguqukayo bukhulu kumsebenzi wamathuba, ukhula ngaphandle kwezixhobo ezingezantsi kumathuba wokunceda umsebenzi.

Ukuxhuma ngaphandle kwenet cable kuvumela izixhobo ezimbini zokuthutha kusisthima sokunyuselwa kwesifo kanye nezinkambalo zempilo ezithintekayo, ukwenza izigaba ezibuthathaka ezinokuthutha kuziphumo zokuthutha ngokuthile. Ukuzalisa le teknolozi kufuneka kuthembekiso phakade phakathi kwezinhlanganisi zezixhobo zokuchiza, ababhali besoftware, kanye nezisebenzisa zokugcisa ukuze kutholakale ukuthi zixhobo zingqinelwe ngendlela ethintekayo kumsebenzi wokuchiza okusemva, ngelishushu elinokwenzeka kanye nesivumelwano esifunekayo sokuchiza.

Ukwenza ngokudluliselwa kanye nezixhobo ezithile

Izinkulungwane zokwenza izinto ngendlela ephindwe-phindwe ziqala ukuguquguquka ukuhlinzela kwebonevela ngokuvumela ukukhiqizwa kwamathuluzi amehluko ngenhlayiya yomuntu okanye yenhlanhla. Inkondlo ye-3D ivumela ukukhiqizwa kwamathuluzi anemigaba yangenxa nemigiba embalwa engahlanganiswa ngendlela ethile yokwenza izinto. Lokhu kuvula imikhuba emisha yokuhlela amathuluzi ngokulinganisa nenhlayiya yomuntu iqinile okanye nezidingo zethuluzi ezithile.

Ukuthi okubalulekile ukuthi kubekeke ngokucophelelayo izimo zomlando, izidingo zezokugcina, nezibalo zokuphatha kakhulu ekwakheni izixhobo zomshlapho wasezankeni. Nangona izindlela zasekuqaleni zokwenza kuzokhula izinto ezininzi, ukudala ngendlela yokudala kunciphisa amandla okwenza izinto ezithile kanye nokudala ngokushesha. Ukudibanisa lezitekithi kunciphisa abakhi kakhulu ngokuthula ukuthola izidingo ezahlukene zomnini ngaphandle kokuphatha kakhulu nokulungile kwemeko ebalulekile ekwenzeni izixhobo zesingeniso.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Izimbo ziziphi ezihlukile ukusebenzisa ekwakheni izixhobo zomshlapho wasezankeni

Amadoda amandla amancane kakhulu ekusebenzisweni kwemipaka yezekhalo yezekhalo kufana nesiliva esilungileyo samedical (316L ne-17-4 PH), amakhala wethitanjimolo, nasezinhlobo zeziliva zezixhobo. Lezi zidoda zikhethwa ngokwabo ngokwabo kubudlelwane, ukungcolwa, ubuchule bokusebenza, nokutholakala kwabo kumzimba wokuphindezeka kokuthutha. Ukukhetha kwezidoda kubangelwa ngendawo ekusebenziswayo yomxhobo, ngaphandle kwalapho isiliva sikhethwa kumathini amancane kanye nethitanjimolo esebenziswe kumzimba okudinga ukunciphisa ubunzima noma ukuthuthukisa ukubudlelwane.

Kani na amathematheko wokulawula ububi bokugcina ububi nesivumelwano semipaka

Ukulawula ubunzima kumathuluzi wezokwenza izixhobo zokuphakama kuthatha imithetho yokucheka nokuchwephesha yonke indawo yesimo. Kunezimiso ekufakelweni komoya, ukuchekwa kwesikhundla phakathi kwezinye, ukulinganisa kweyobuso, nokuchekwa kokugcinwa ngaphambili. Izixhobo zesilinganiso esisemthethweni nezindlela zokulawula umsebenzi wokulinganisa zihlinza ubunzima obubangelene, ngelixa izixhobo zokulandelelana zibuyisela amarekhodi onke ukuze kujongwe imithetho. Ukuchwephesha okuqhubekayo nokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kunciphisa ngaphezulu ubunzima besimo.

Ubungakanani besaziso sesalungiseleli kumsebenzi wokwenza izixhobo

Ukuphawula kukaMchuzi kuyisidingo ekwakhiweni kwezixhumanisi zomsebenzi kaorthopedic njengoba kusenela imbonakalo yehlabathi ngokushesha mayelana nokusebenza kwezixhumanisi, ukusetshenziswa kwazo kanye needingo zokugcina umculo. Abakhwazi bakhelwa ngokuthuthukisa izixhumanisi zikaMchuzi ngesikhathi esigcwele sokulungiselela, kuqala kumodeli wokuqala, kuya kumahlaza wokuhlaziywa futhi kuya kumsindleko wokushija emnyakeni. Lokhu kuxhumana kuyasithola ukuthi izixhumanisi ziphumelele ezidingweni zomsebenzi futhi zifaka ubuciko obutsha kunye netekiniki yokusebenzisa izixhumanisi. Izindlela zokuphawula ziqukethe izigodi zohlelo lwabasebenzi, iziviko zobasebenzisa kanye nemithombo ephambili yokulandela emva kokushijwa emnyakeni.

Kunjani izitechnoloji ezilethu ziyathinta ukwakhiwa kwezixhumanisi zomsebenzi kaorthopedic

Izixhobo ezintsha ziyadinga ukuguqula imisebenzi yamanufacturing eziphathimandla ngekuthi kudityaniswa nezixhobo ze-sensors, ukuxhumana ngaphandle kwe-wireless, nokusebenza kwe-additive manufacturing. Izixhobo ezinemfundo zinokunika incazelo ngexesha elifanayo ngexesha lemfundo, ngelixa i-3D printing inokwenza izixhobo ezihambelana nomdala wobumnini nozibuko oluhleli. Iziphu zamandla, izindlela zokwenza okupheleleyo, nezixhobo zokudizayina ngendlela yedijithali zisenza izixhobo zibe nzima kwaye zinokulinganiswa ngokuchanekileyo. Le zixhobo zibandakanya ukuguquka kwizixhobo ezinzima, ezihambelanayo, nezinezilinganiso ezilungileyo ezingumgangatho wokuzisa kakhulu kwisimo somdala.