Iinkonzo zengqikitho kwiindawo zokwakha izixhumanisi zokulungisa izono

Ubucophele kanye nobubi betholakala emehlweni yezempilo yamanje kuyinzuzo ebalulekile kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwemishini yomdlalo wasekhanda njengendawo ebalulekile kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwamathulwa esizinda. Imithi ngayinye eyafika ekhaya lokusebenza kumele ihlanjwe imikhuba engcono ukuze ihlinzeke ukuthula kwesifazane nesiphumo sokumdlala. Kusukela kumatitanjimi amaphinde kuzinqamlezelo ezihlukaniswe, umdondolo wokwakha kumele uqhame imikhuba yobuchwepheshe yasezulwini, ubudlelwane bezinkinga ezikhuthaza izinto, nezibalo ezivikelekile ezithintela iphumelela phakathi kwezimo ezidingekayo.

Indawo yokuthengisa yezixhobo zomdlalo ekugcineni kuyo iphondo ephakade, ihlokiswe ngabantwana abadala kanye nokwandiswa kwemigaqo ethintana nesithembu. Ukuhlola kukaqwalisa ugcino olunzulu kumsebenzi wokudala, njengoko imithalane kanye nemviko yesimo yethixo iyadinga izixhobo ezibandakanya ubomi, ubucophele kanye nobungakanani bomthwalo. Ukuziqonda izinhlobo ezimbalwa zezivumelwano ezibophephela lesi sifundo kusinika ubonakaliso malunga nokuthi kanjani ukuthengiselwa kuyigcina izivumelwano ezide emehlweni yokuphila kwabantwana.

Umbindi wokulawula kanye nezivumelwano zokuhlanganiswa

Ukuchazwa kwe-FDA kanye nezivumelwano

IFood and Drug Administration yaseNingizimu Afrika isahlukisa izixhobo ze-orthopedic kuqembu olunye ngokwezinga lemhazwano kwaye lokusetyenziswa. Izixhobo zeClass I zombini ziquka iisixhobo sethu siseGalelo njengeforceps ne-retractors, ngelixa iisixhobo zeClass II ziphinde ziphinde ziquka izinto ezimbaxenxeneke ngaphezulu njengezixhobo zosizo esezinxibini kwaye izixhobo ezithile zokufaka izinto eziphakanyisiweyo. Ngasinye isahluko kudinga ukuhlaziywa kwethu, iintsolobalo, nokuthwebela kwezigaba okufuneka kube khona ngempindiselo yazo yonke into ekhokelayo.

Izikhungo zokwakha kufuneka zilindele inikelo ye-FDA bese ziqiniseke izinyathelo Ezihle Zokwakha njengoba kuchazwe ku-21 CFR Part 820. Le minyaka ivakasha izidingo ezijwayelekileyo ngomlando wokuhlola, ukuphatha amadokhumenti, izenzo zokulungisa nezokulunga kabusha, nokukhethwa kwemfuneko. Izhlolwano eziyisikhathi zonke ze-FDA ziqiniseka ukuthi kusekelwe, futhi konke okungavumelekile kungaphinda kube yizincwadi zokumema, ukubuyisela komkhumbi, noma ukuvula kwezikhungo okungahlukaniswa kakhulu ekwenzeni impiyamanisi.

Ukudibanisa Kwezinhlobo Zezimali

Ngaphandle kwezidingo ze-FDA, okuqinisekile ukwenza izixhobo zolungiselelo lwesililo kufuneka kuzimelela kwezinhlobo eziphakeme kanye no-ISO 13485 yokuphatha ububi bezixhumanisi zezobuciko. Leli nyalo linikeza indima yokuphatha ububi ngokuphelele kuyo yonke indlela yomkhumbi, kusukela emigangeni kuze kube yisiphetho. Amabhasimende ase-Erophi ayidinga ukuthi kube khona i-CE marking, okuthuthuka ukuthi kutholakale isibonelo sokuthembeka ngokuthi kusekelwe kwezidingo zezixhumanisi zezobuciko.

Amathuluzi akho kwePMDA yaseJapan, izidingo zeHealth Canada, nezinye izinhlobo zezimo zikha indawo ephathelene ngezimiso ethintekayo okumele ukuthi abakhi baphinde ngcono. Izinkampani ezifuna ukufinyelela emakhadini aphathelelwa khona zihlanganisa izinhlelo zokulinganisa ephathelene ngaphezu kwezidingo zomthetho ngamunye, ukuqinisekisa ubumfangela obufanayo besiprodo ngaphandle kokuthi ikuphi umkhondo. Le ndlela isusa impilo yesimo ngaphandle kokuqhubeka komsebenzi wokwakha emashishini amaningi.

Ubuciko Bekhanda Nezobuchwepheshe

Ukukhetha Kwesilonga Esisipho

Ukukhetha imithwalo kuyisikhathi esibhekene ngezimali ekwenzeni izixhobo zokugcwalisa ebandleni, ngoba umunye ngamunye wemithwalo kufuneka uphendulela kizilingo zomsebenzi nezobuchwepheshe. Istenilesi stile ezihlanjwe njenge-316L ne-420 zinika ukuphephelwa kakhulu nokwehlisa komsebenzi wezixhobo zokugcina, ngelixa i-alloys ye-titanium zinika ubuchwepheshe obungcono kunezixhobo ezifakelwayo. I-alloys ye-cobalt-chromium zinika ukuphephelwa okungcono kumakomponi ehlukahlukene engafuneki ifuncioneni ngeminyaka engama-10 ngaphakathi kwimibono yomntu.

Iceramics ezihle kanye nezinhlayiya zokuxhuma ziqhubeka zakhulisa indima yazo kumasebenzi we-orthopedic, ikhusela kakhulu kwizinqubo ezidinga ubuchwepheshe obungcono noma iziphawu zokuxhumana. Iziphawu zocingo lwe-zirconia ze-hip replacements zibonisa iziphawu ezilungile kakhulu kunezimali eziphathelene ngezimali, ngelixa izinhlayiya ze-carbon fiber zinika iziphawu ze-radiolucent ezingcono ekufakeleni isithombe. Izinketho zokulandela izimali zihlanza ukuthi kube khona umbiko ohlelwe kusukela ekutholeni izimali ezibalulekileyi kuya kumkhiqizo ogcwele, kulungiselela ukuthi kutholakale impendulo eyisodwa uma kuhlanganisa nokuthile okulinganayo.

Izitekwini Zokulungisa Isandla

Ukulinganisa kweyisebe kukhuluma indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni iqiniso lezixhumanisi ze-orthopedic ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezakhelwa ukuthuthukisa ukubaluleka, ukuphelula isivimbo, nokuthuthukisa ukungcolwa. Amabheshi aqhubekayo angakhiya amasebe abaciko okunxuswa kwabantwana ekugcineni izimpapaza, ngelikha elikhanyisayo lika-ion ibangela amasebe afudumele kangaka athintele isinqumo emaqoshini. Izindlela zokuphazamiseka zisusa izinkcozo zomsebenti bese zibangela amalayiya wokuphepha amakhambi okungcolwa emazingeni aphathelene ngezithixo.

Izintshukumo ephathelene nezinhlamvu zihlanganisa izimboni ezifanayo nezidolophu ezabelana ngokukhulu kanye nokulawula kwabo, kanti nezimboni ze-silver ezingenamphathi ezilungisa ingcinaba yokuthinta kumadivayisi atholakala. Kudingeka ukuthi umthwalo wesiqinisekiso uqukethe ukuphawula okuthile ukuze kutholakale ukuthi kufanele ngezimo ezithile, kuhlanganisa nokuphawula kwe-cytotoxicity, ukuphawula kwebhurhu, nokulinganisa kwezinhlelo zomsebenzi. Ukuqinisekisa komthwalo kusiza ekugcineni ubume bezinhlamvu zomthwalo ngemijolo yokuqala njengoba kugcinwa ulwandelo oluthile emvelweni.

Ukwenza Ngokwemijolo Emingiwe

Ukubhala ngokuchazwe kwe-Khompyutha

Ukwenza kwezixhobo zokuchazamalala kwezobomi zasekhaya kusekelwe kakhulu kwi-CNC machining centers ephumelelayo ezinikezela ubunzima obudingayo kumahluko amakhulu neemeko eziphambileyo. Iinkili eziyimihla (Five-axis) zenza ukunika iindlela ezininzi zokwenza izixhobo ngokupheleleyo, ekhupha imisebenzi yokuqhuba ngelishwa, njengoko ziyaphucula ubungakanani bomahluko. I-Tool path optimization software ishushu ixesha lokusebenza ngelishwa, ibuyekela imfaneleko yokugcina okubanzi eyidingekayo ekusebenzeni kwaye ekucingeni kwizixhobo.

Amathuluzi okugcinwa kwezindlela zokuchazwa kuvuselelwa izinkinga yokulinganisa ngokuthinta izilinganiso zokukhupha kabefore emva kokuthinta izimo zokukhupha eziphatha ubude noma ukumiswa kwesayizi. Amathuluzi wokususa imikhumbi ekhupheni aphazanyisela ukuthi kushintshwe amakhuphi ngaphambi kokuthi izimo zokungena kakhulu ziyekiswe, futhi aqiniseke ukulinganisa okuhle. Amathuluzi wokulinga ngokuzenzakalelayo aphinda impendulo ngokushesha mayelana nezidinganeni ezibalulekile, ekunakekelweni ukutholwa nokulungiswa ngokushesha kwezinkinga ezithintwayo ezinokudiliza ubomi bomthwalo.

Ukuthunyelwa Kwemfazwe Yokudala

Izinkulungwane zokudweba kwi-3D ziyasimamela indawo yokwenza izixhobo zomsebenzi wokuchazwa ngokuvumela ukukhiqizwa kwemphumelelo efanayo nomfaniso onjengo ongenakho ukufunyanwa ngendlela yokuqinisekisa. Izindlela zokusebenzisa ilase lasekhaya ne-laser yase-beam ebhola i-titanium ngezinkinga ezithile eziphumelelayo ekuthuthukiseni umthwalo wabantwana ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa kwezizathu. Ukudweba ngokudlulisa ilase kwenza iziqhelo zomsebenzi nezixhobo ezihlelekileyo ezingenelisiweyo kumthwalo wabantwana.

Ukukhokhwa kwezidingo lokufakwa kudinga izindlela ezithile kusuka ekugcineni ububi, ukubalisa amapharametha okufaka, nokwaziswa kokuphatha ngemuva. Ukuskena kwegrafu ye-computed tomography kuvumela ukubala okungahlukaniswa kwesakhelo sangaphakathi, kodwa ukuchaza okumele kube yinkimbinkimbi kusho ukuthi iingcindezi ezakhiwe ziqhathanisa nezidingo zezikhwama namandla. Amathuluzi okubalwa kwenjalo akhokhiswa iqiniso eliqinile ekuhlukeni kwamandla nemibono yokufakwa futhi kugcinwa ulwayo lwesilinganiso sezingcindezi ezakhiwe.

Ukulula Amalungisi nokuthi Izimo Zokuhlola

Izinhlelo Zokuchazwa Kwezidingo

Ukukhokha kwezinkinga ngokuphelele kuyisisekelo sekhono lemininingwane emshenlanweni kwemikhumbi yesimahla sesilisa, esisebenzisa izixhobo zokulinganisa ezinxulumene, iindlela zokulinganisa eziphathelene, nezigidi ezithile ukuzivocavoca izilinganiso eziphambene. Iindlela zokubona zinika ukukhokha ngokukhanyayo kwezinkinga ezinxaxheke ngelishwa livela nokulinganisa okufanelekileyo kumakhompiyutha eseqopheni. Izicelo zokukhokha ezenziwa ngaphandle kokuthintela kumntu zibandakanya iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokulinganisa ukunika uhlaka ngokuphelele ngaphandle kokuthintela kumntu.

Ukuchazwa kwezinga lokulinganisa kusidla ukuthi izinhlelo zokuhlola zinikeza ukuhlinzeka okufanele kuzilinganiselwano ezitholakalayo, ngelixa izidingo zokuphinda kuphinde kube khona kwegauge zivikela inkinga yesimo sangempilo. Ukuchazwa kwezibalo zolimi lomlinganiso kubonisa izinyathelo zomthwalo nezinkinga eziphakamile kuze kube yisikhathi esingaphansi kwemiphumela yezinto engalingani. Izinhlelo zedijithali zokudokolozela zibuyisela amabhuku onke olweshumi lomlinganiso abusiza izidingo zokulawula nokuvikela ukuthi kugcine kakhulu noma yikuphi okungafanelekile.

Ukuvikwa Kwesivimbo Somthelela

Imithetho yokuhlola mesebenzi yokumelana ihloleni ukuthi izixhobo zokulungisa kwezono zihlukile, zilindeleke kanye nezempilo ezithiwe kwiimeko eziphathelene kwaye ziimeko zokudizayini. Ukuhlola kwebala, ukuhlola kwesiphumo, nokuhlola kwegcinezelelo kuhlola iimpawu zamandla kanye nesimo sesahluko phantsi kwezimo ezinokwenzeka. Izahlolo ezithile njengekuhlola kwebala yezinkunzi zezono kanye nokuhlola kwebala yezinto ezibekelwa ezono zinika ingqalelo ekhawulezayo yeziseko sezono.

Izifundo zokuzalisa ngokukhawuleza zikhangela isebenza eside ngokuthi zibophele izixhobo kwiindawo eziphakeme kwaye ziphakamise amava okuphila apho akugcinwa ixesha elincinci. Ukuhlola kwebumelekebulo kubandakanya ukuhlola kwebumelekebulo, ukuchazwa kweenjongo, nokuhlola kwezinyawo ukuthi kuhlele ukuthi amandla kanye nezixhobo ziyisiseko esihlelo kumntu. Ukuvavanywa kwezindlela zokuhlola kunciphisa ukuthi wonke amathuba okuhlola ayinika impendulo engeyiyo kwaye eyenziwa ngendlela efanelekileyo eyenzela ukuthi kuthunyelwe kumthetho kanye namacebo ethonga lelindelekileyo.

Ukuzenzekela kwezinsiza kanye nokupaka

Ukukhetha Indlela Yokuzenzekela

Ukuzenzekela kuyindawo ebalulekile ekugcineni emva kokuqeqeshwa kwezixweba zokuchaza izifo ze-orthopedic, okukhethwa kungaba ngokulinganisa kwamakhemikhali, isakhiwo sekhodi kanye nezidingo zokupakisha. Ukuzenzekela ngegazi eliqina kusetyenziselwa igazi eliqina phantsi kwegunya likhuphula amandla wamakhemikhali kakhulu kumathuba onke. Ukuzenzekela nge-ethylene oxide kuthembisa umthwalo opholile kakhulu kanye nesakhiwo esihlukile sokuba akunakwenzeki ukuzenzekela ngendlela yegazi.

Ukugcina kwe-radiation ye-Gamma kusizenza izinkomba zokusetshenziswa ngokujikeleza nezinto ezinzima ezingazange zilindele izinkinga, ngelixa ukugcina ngemithombo ye-elektroni kusiza ekuphatheni ngokushesha nokwenza kungabi khona ukwanda kwamandla. Umthetho wokugcina ngalunye kudinga ukufunda okuthile okubonakala ngalo ukuthi kukhulise izimpilo ngendlela efanelekile futhi kugcinwa ubunzima bezinto nezici zezinto. Ukubheka kwezindleko kanye nokuchaza okuphathelene kusiza ekugcineni ubunzima bekugcina njalo ekuphatheni.

Izinhlelo Zokuvikela Ukupaka

Ukudizayina kokupaka kwezixhumanisi ze-orthopedic kumele kuphulaphule ububi bokugcinwa kakhulu kanti kuvikela izixhumanisi kwezimpho phakathi kwezondlo kanye nesikhathi sokugcinwa. Izisakhiwo ze-Tyvek, izinhlangothi ezinzima, kanye nezihlalo ezakhiwe ngokwesithombe zinesici ezithile ngokweqiniso ngokulinganisa nokuthi yiziphi izinto kanye nokuthi kuzophatha kanjani ukugcina. Izipropathi zokukhokha kumele ziphazamise ukungena kwe-microorganism kanti zivumela ukungena kwezidingo zokugcina kanye nokususwa phakathi kwezindawo zokuphatha.

Izinqululo zokuvadlazisa iphakethe zibonisa ukuthi isilumo siyaphila, sikhusele isilumo esingekho kungabi ngesono, kanye nokukhuseleka kwezinkinga zomphakathi ngaphansi kwezimo ezithiwe zokugcina nokuthunyelwa. Izinqululo zokwanda kokwanda kusuku lokusebenza kwezaphakethe kuthatha isikhathi esithile sokusebenza kwezaphakethe, ngelixa ukuthunya kwezokuthunyelwa kuvadlaza ukuthi iphakethe liyaphila ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle zokuthunyelwa. Izidingo zomthombo kuthatha ukuthi isiseko sitholakala kanye nokunikezela imininingwane ebalulekile ekusebenzisweni kweziseko ngokuphathelene kwezokulungiswa.

Ukuphatha Umkhondo Wokugcina Nokulandelela

Izinhlangano Zokuvadlazisa Izenzo

Amathonya akhuthazekileyo yokuphatha izikhalo esinikezela ukuthi zonke iziqhamo nezimboni ezisetshenziswayo emvelweni kwemfundo yesilumo sezigaba zifakwa kuzo izidingo zokhangelamanga. Ukuhlolwa kwezindiza kuhlola izinhlelo zokhangelamanga, amandla okwakhiwa, nokulandelana kwezibophozi ukuze kutholakale izikhalo ezinembile ezingcono ukusebenza emvelweni kwezixwebeliso zomdlalo. Amagunya okuhlola ekufikeni kuvikela ukuthi izimboni ezithengisiwe ziphileneyo ngaphambi kokungena kumthethosisekelo wokwakha.

Ukubamba iqiniso lezikhalo libamba ubunikwako, izilinganiso zokhangelamanga, nokusebenza kwezinyathelo zokulungisa ukuze kugcinwe inkathi yezikhalo ezivunyelwe. Izibhophozo zokulinganisa ingcamango zithola izinkinga eziphazanyayo zomlando wokuletha futhi zenza izinqumo zokuxhasa ukuqina komthethosisekelo wokwakha. Izibindi ezinde zezikhalo zenzela izici ezigcwele ezenza kakhulu okhangelamanga njengoba kususa izindleko ngokuhlanjulula umthethosisekelo futhi kususe izinkohlaka.

Izinhlelo Zokulandelela Umfanekiso

Ukufakazela kwamandla okuphatha izinhlelo kusukela kumateriali esisiseko kuze kube yekhelini lokugcina kuvumela ukuphendula kakhudlwana kuzinkinga zokhangelelwa nokuxhasa izidingo zokulawula ekwakhiweni kwezinhlelo zomdlalo. Izitholakalo ezihlukile zinhlelo zinika amathambo edlulelwe okuxhumanisa ngalunye uhlelo kumthwalo wokwakha, imininingwane yokuhlaka kanye nemininingwane yokuthutha. Imbali ye-batch elekthroniki iyila imininingwane emkhubiseni yezinselelo zonke zokwakha ngaphandle kokuvumela ukuthutha kakhudlwana kwezimpendulo ngomlando ngomlando.

Izinhlelo zokudwebisa zikha izitholakalo ezihlukile kwezinhlelo ezingenamandla, zixhasa izinselelo nokulandela izinselelo ngendlela yomlando. Ukuxhunyaniswa kwezinhlelo zokuphatha izindlela zangempela kuvumela ukubonakala ngemizuzwana kumazinga wokuthutha, isimo sokwakha, kanye nezilinganiso zokhangelelwa. Ukuthwala ngokuzenzakalela kwezimpendulo kususa iziphazamiso zokudokolozela ngendlela yokwenza, ngelokho kuxhasa ukuthi imbonakalo yonke ibe yamandla kanye nokuxhasa ukulawula kanye nokuthutha kakhudlwana kwezimali.

Ukuthuthukiswa Ngokuphambene Nenhlaka

Ukusekelwa Kwesimanje Sokwakha

Izinhlelo zokwakha kwe-simanje zakhuphuka ubuchwepheshe ekwakheni izixhumanisi zokulungisa i-orthopedic ngemuva kokugcina imikhuba yobuhle bemikhumbuzo efunwayo kumathulini wezobuchwepheshe. Ukumiswa kwamanani kususela kumlando kubonisa izinkundla okufaka kuzozama ukususa izenzo engazange zibe nethemba ngaphandle kokususa izinyathelo ezibalulekile zokuphatha ububi. Ukumiswa kwezindawo ezithunyelwe yokwakha kudala izinkinga zezinto ezikwenzekayo nezikhathi zomphakathi, kodwa kakhuphuka ububi ngokuthulaswa kwezenzo nokunciphisa indlela yezinto.

Izindlela zokuthatha kufa ngomzuzwana onye umnyango kubona izilingo phakathi kwemiboniso yezinto ezihlukene, kuvumela ukuba kube ngezinkinga eziphansi kanye nokuphendula kahle kubizo bezimali. Izinkampani zokuphatha ubomi bengqondo zinikeza imiyalelo ngokushesha mayelana nomsebenzi futhi nezinkinga zokh quality, ngelikhalasi izibonelo ezihle zokusebenza zihlinzeka ukuthi kube khona ukusebenza okufanayo kwezemisebenzi ephathelene nemfundo. Izinhlangano zabalimi zisebenzisa ubungako bezimali ukuze bathole amathiphu athola amathiphu futhi azenze izisusa ezingcono.

Izinqumo Zokuhlanganiswa Kweteknoloji

Izinqumo ze-ndizaqhuba e-dijithali zifaka izinkokhelo ezideye kakhulu kusuka ku-inteliligence yomphakathi, ukufula kwemiphakathi, nezinhlelo ze-Inthanethi yeZixuku ukulungiselela imisebenzi yokwakha. I-analitiki ekubhekisa phambili iyathola izinkinga ezingaba khona kwizixhobo ngaphambi kokuthi kube khona, kwaye kube yinxalenye encinci yesidlala esingekhohlwa ngazo, njengoko isahluko seprodukseni sihlale sikhulekile. Izixhobo zokulandela ngexesha eliqinile zilandela iiparamitha ezibalulekileyo zomsebenzi bawo kwaye zilungise isikhundla ngokuzenzekelayo ukulungiselela imisebenzi emehlente.

Umbono we-twin digital wenza umfanekiso ovela kumsebenzi wokwakha owenziwa ngokulungiselela kwaye akuvukele imisebenzi yokuproduka. Izixhobo ze-reality enhle ngaphezulu zinika abasebenzi isiqwalasqala sokulungiselela ngexesha eliqinile ukuba benze imisebenzi engachani kakhulu, njengoko kusahlulwe kumfanekiso wonke. Izixhobo zokunxibelelana zihlanganisa iisistim eziphambene ukuba zinike amandla okubona imisebenzi ngokupheleleyo, njengoko zinceda ukunyuka kwebhaleko ngokusebenza kumgangatho opheleleyo.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Kutheni okuphambene kakhulu nokulinganisa kwezinhlelo yokwenza izixhumanisi zezokugaya

Okuphambene kakhulu kufaka phakathi izinye zezinhlelo ezigcwele ngaphansi kukaFDA Good Manufacturing Practices nge 21 CFR Part 820, ISO 13485 yezinhlelo yokphathwa kwemiphakethi yesifo, nezinye izinhlelo ezithile njengeASTM F899 yezixhumanisi zesilonse. Lezi zinhlelo zavela izidingo zezenzo lokulungiswa, ukuphatha izinkinga, ukubonakala kokusulela, ukulungiselela kokulingana ngezici zezici, nokuhlinzeka kwezobuchwepheshe kuwo wonke umzamo wokwakha. Ukulandela lezi zinhlelo kusivikela ukuthi izixhumanisi zezokugaya ziphumelele izidingo zokuphepha nokusebenza kanye namandla okusetshenziswa emashishini.

Abakhi akhani njani ukulandela izici zomthelela ekwenzweni kwemiphakethi yezokugaya

Izinqumo zokulandela izindlela zokwakha kusabalala izinto ezibalulekile ukusukela ekutholeni kuze kube yisaphulelo esigcwele ngokusebenzisa izithembiso ezihlukile kanye nebhakhodi ze-rekhodi e-elekthroniki. Amagwebu ethongolo lokuhlola ayatholakala ngalinye igama lezinto, libonisa ubume bezinkinga, iziphawulo zomsebenzi, kanye nemiphumela yokuhlola. Izinkomo zokwakha kusabalala kusabalala izigaba zezinto kumathuba ahlukeneyo, kuvikela ukuthola ngokushesha izixhumanayo ezinamathambo uma kuhlanganiswa izinkinga zokhokho. Ukugcina amagama ngokweqemu kwezixhumanayo kunciphisa inkinga yokulandela kweqemu ngalinye kusabalala isiphumo.

Umdlalo owuthini u-additive manufacturing wenzela ekwakheni izixhumanayo ze-orthopedic namuhla

Ukwenza kwezidingo kuvumela ukwakha kwezilwanyana ezilandelana nabantu, izigaba ezinhlekelele, nokwenza amamodeli ngokushesha wezinto ezintsha. Izintechinoloji ezifana nokukhanya okukhethiwe kwi-laser nokukhanya kwe-electron beam kwenza izilwanyana ze-titanium nge-porosity ephathelenele ukuze kube lula ukuthunyelwa kwezithakazelo. Ukukhanya okudide kwe-metal kwenza izindlela zokusebenzisa nokusebenzisa izixhobo ezihleliwe ngokulinganiselwa kumzimba wabantu. Ukuqinisekisa ubunzima kwezinto ezinzakayo kudinga izibongo ezithile ezifaka ukuchanekwa kwezimpako, ukubonakala kweminyaka yokwenza, nokuchaneka okungavunyelwa kwezinto ezigcwele.

Kani ukuthintana kokuqinisekisa ukuthula kuthinta ukukhiqizwa nokwakha kwezixhobo zokulungisa izithakazelo

Izidingo zokuhlakanipha kumele kuthintelwe ngokukhulu ukukhethwa kwemithombo, ijiyomethri yesixhobo, nokudizayini kwegabho. Imithombo kumele ihlale yiqinisekile kwiqondo zokuhlakanipha ezihlukene ngaphandle kokuchazwa kwamathuba okusebenza noma kokuphila kwabantwana. Ukudizayina kwesixhobo kufuneka kube nemvume yokufinyelela kwesahluko esonke, ngelixa kunciphise izikhala ezingalunganga ekugcineni izinto ezingalunganga. Izixhobo zegabho kufuneka zihlinze i-sterile bariyela, zivumele ukulahlekiswa, kwaye ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde zilindelela kwiinxalenye zokugcina kanye nokuthunyelwa. Ize zibonise ukusebenza kwehlakani kanye nokubaluleka kwemithombo kuyo yonke indima yesixhobo.